Leaf assembly and method of making the same



24, 1942. F. ZAHNISER 2,277,255 7 LEAF ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Filed Jan. 10, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR BYjfzg ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 24, 1942 LEAF ASSEMBLY AND METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME Logan F. Zahniser, Erie, Pa., assignor to Erie Foundry Company, Erie, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application January 10, 1940, Serial No. 313,266

Claims. Cl. 28121) The present invention is designed to improve leaves in a manner that they may be more readily assembled and bound together in the making of books and similar articles.

In carrying out the invention the leaf assembly is secured together through the application of a flexible and elastic adhesive applied to the edges the present invention by removing a portion of g each leaf on one face thereof along the edge, preferably in a manner that loosens the fiber along the thinned edge, and also preferably in a manner that will finely serrate the exposed edge.

By thinning the edge in accordance with my invention, several definite advantages are achieved, among which are:

A slight opening is provided for definite penetration of the binding material.

The glazed surface of this face of the leaf is removed and this provides for a more certain union with, and some possible penetration into, the paper itself.

The bond is made on the faces of the leaves so that the bond has greater resistance to separation in the ordinary direction of pull of the leaves.

The fibers of the thinned portion are loosened up, thus permitting some penetration of the adhesive directly into the paper stock and providing a more certain bond.

The serrations give a greater bonding surface and a better bonding edge than is accomplished by a plane surface at the edge of the assembly.

By using an elastic cement, the assembly may be hinged between any two leaves and the opening of the assembly affords a practically fiat arrangement of the leaves from the hinge outwardly.

The method as practiced forms a comparative- 1y cheap form of binding, particularly with relation to sewing or other mechanical means of binding, and at the same time gives a more perfect product and also, with suitable cement, a binding of great durability and strength.

Features and details of the invention will appear from the specification and claims.

A preferred exemplification of the leaf assem bly and method of making the same is illustrated in the accompanying drawings as follows:

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a sheet, a part showing the edge magnified.

Fig. 2 an end view of a leaf assembly.

Fig. 3 an end elevation of the leaf assembly with the adhesive applied thereon.

Fig. 4 a perspective view of the leaf assembly showing the method of applying the adhesive.

Fig. 5 a completed assembly shown in open position indicating the action of thehinge.

Fig. 6 a side elevation, partly in section, of a scoring and serrating apparatus.

Fig. 7 a front elevation of a portion of the machine.

I shows a treated leaf with a thinned and loosened edge 2 and serrations 3, these being shown in magnified form at the center of Fig. 1. The loosened fibers are indicated at 4. The binding adhesive or cement 5 is bonded to the completed leaf assembly.

The adhesive may be applied in any convenient manner. As shown, the assembled edges are arranged at 6 in Fig. i, and the adhesive is applied with a brush 1. Ordinarily two coats of adhesive are applied, one having desirable bonding qualities and the second layer strengthening the union formed by the adhesive.

As shown in Fig. 5, when the bound book is opened and the two parts of the adhesive on the two parts of the book are brought face to face as at 88, the hinge 9 can only be accomplished by the elasticity of the adhesive, that is to say, it must yield sufliciently to permit the separation of the bonded edges of the leaves due to the thickness of the adhesive.

While I have shown a mere leaf assembly bound together through the adhesive, it will be understood that the bound edge may be finished with a tape if desired, or covers may be provided in the manner of an ordinary book by merely securing the same to the hinged edge of the leaf assembly.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I have shown a preferable apparatus for thinning, loosening, and serrating the edges of the leaves in the assembly. This is accomplished in a single operation wherein a wire brush having comparatively blunt ends operates to score the edge of the leaf assembly. Preferably the brush is the full length of the leaf assembly so that a single pass completes the operation.

The scoring apparatus is mounted on a table ID. A frame II carries the apparatus. A shaft 12 is mounted in bearings 13 on the frame II. The shaft carries a wire brush I4, the brush being preferably of sufficient length to score an entire leaf assembly at one pass. A grooved pulley I5 is arranged on the shaft l2 and a belt l6 conveys power to the shaft from a pulley IT. The pulley I1 is driven by a motor |8 on the table It]. A platen I9 is arranged in front of the brush. It is mounted on two rods 20. The rods 20 are slidingly carried in guide bearings 2|.

A pitman 22 is secured to a bracket 23 by a pin 24, the bracket extending from the platen IS. The lower end of the pitman is journaled on a crank pin 25 extending from a crank 25. The crank 26 is carried by a shaft 21 extending from a reduction gear 28 arranged on a motor 29, the motor 29 being secured to the frame i A clamping plate 34 is arranged above the platen. It is carried by rods 3|, these rods ex-- tending through perforations in the platen and extensions 32 on brackets 33, the brackets being secured on the platen. Heads 34 are secured on the lower ends of the rods 3|, and springs 35 are aranged around the rods and between the heads 34 and the platen. These springs are tensioned to yieldingly force the rods 3| downwardly and with them the clamp 30 with sufficient force to hold a leaf assembly in place as its edge is scored.

Contact projections 36 extend from the heads 34 down into position to be engaged by cams 31, the cams being arranged at the ends of rock levers 38. One of the rock levers is fixed on a pin 39 journaled in the frame II, and the other rock lever is pivoted on a pin 39a fixed in the frame. The rock levers, one for each rod 3|, are connected by a link 4|) so that' they operate in unison.

A operating lever 4| is fixed on the shaft 39. One end of the lever is secured to a spring 42 which yieldingly urges a movement of the rock levers 38 to move the cams to a position to retard the rods 3| as the platen assembly is lowered and consequently releases the clamp. A rod 43 operates on the opposite end of the lever 4| from the spring 42 and extends to a pedal lever 44 pivotally mounted on a pin 46 on a bracket 47 on the table If}. A foot pad 45 is arranged on the pedal lever 44.

In operation the leaf assembly is placed on the platen. The foot lever 44 is depressed, removing the earns 31 to permit the rods 3| to descend. The rods with the clamping bar move downwardly under the pressure of the springs 35 into clamping position. The motor 29 is started and rotates the crank one revolution. This revolution lifts the platen and with it the clamped leaf assembly upwardly past the wire rush.

A guide plate 48 is carried by the frame II and locates the edge of the leaf assembly to be scored. The upper edge of the plate terminates just below the brush. It will be noted that the rear edge of the platen H! is slightly spaced from the plate 48 so that the'edge of the leaf assembly extends slightly beyond the edge of the platen IS. The clamp 30 is also slightly to the rear of the edge of the leaf assembly so that there is an exposed edge of the leaf assembly free from the clamping action.

The brush rotates as indicated by the arrow. As the leaf assembly is raised past the brush, the leaves of the assembly are slightly deflected by the action of the brush wiping and scoring the edge of the leaf assembly so that not only is the extreme edge of the leaf scored by the brush, but also a small portion of one face along the edge of each sheet is scored and the fibers in this scored portion more or less loosened by the brush. With the return movement of the table, the brush adds to this operation slightly, the Wiping and scoring action still being in the same general direction with relation to the assembly edge. The deflection of the edge through the action of the brush is made more or less permanent so that this bent edge adds to the security of the hinged connection.

The brush, it will be noted, is made up of wires having blunt ends, but are small enough to form abrasive or scoring elements. The Wire brush, acting on the edge of the leaf assembly forms minute serrations, the wires apparently deflecting and following one another to a sufficient extent to provide the grooving incident to the formation of the serrations, and, as a whole, the edge is corrugated so that substantially the entire surface of the edge of the leaf assembly deviates from a plane surface.

Preferably the brush is housed in a chamber 49 which has a discharge pipe 50 which carries off the abraded material. The front opening of the chamber 49 is closed by a plate 5| which is carried by the clamp 30.

A preferable adhesive or hinge material may be formed by the following formula:

Second coat:

Reclaimed ruber (white tire carcass) pounds 1360 Aldol alpha-naphthylamine (anti ox-.

idant) pounds 26 Rosin do 442 Ester gum l do .752 Titanium dioxide do 217 Distilled water gallons 1 /2 Toluol do 15% Petro-benzol do 540 Anhydrous ethyl alcohol do 33 A;

The above formulas have sufficient fluidity for applying it to the edge of the assembly, sufficient penetration to form a lateral interlock, and flexibility and elasticity to permit the hinging as the assembly sections are opened. It has the necessary strength for holding the leaves in .place and has a non-hardening quality so that the adhesive may continue to hinge properly over a long period of time.

Reclaimed rubber seems to give to the formula the quality of penetration to a greater. extent than ordinary rubber, unless such rubber is vulcanized. The proportions may be varied, depending upon the desired fiuidity and strength in the ultimate product.

The formula here given also is desirable in that it is comparatively quick-drying and thus makes it possible to'speed up the manufacture of leaf assemblies.

What I claim as new is: n

l. The method of treating a leaf for a leaf assembly which consists in removing a portion of the leaf on a face along the edge thereof and loosening the fibers along the thinned edge.

2. The method of treating a leaf for a leaf assembly which consists in removing by wire brushing a portion of the leaf on a face along an edge thereof.

3. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in deflecting the assembled leaves along an edge of the assembly and removing a portion of the leaves on a face of the deflected portion of each leaf.

4. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in treating the edge of the assembly by removing portions of leaves on a face of each leaf along the edge thereof and serrating the edge by a Wire brush.

5. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in deflecting the assembled leaves along an edge of the assembly and removing a portion of the leaves on a face of each leaf of the deflected portion of each leaf, and loosening the fibers of the thinned portion.

6. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in clamping the leaves while leaving a portion of the leaves along the edge outside of the clamping action and scoring the exposed edges of the assembled leaves by abrading engagement in a direction crosswise of the leaf assembly.

7. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in treating the edge of a leaf assembly by removing portions of leaves on a face of each leaf along an edge thereof and loosening the fibers in the thinned edge and applying an elastic adhesive to the assembly along the treated edge.

8. The method of treating leaf assemblies which consists in treating the edge of a leaf assembly by removing portions of leaves on a face of each leaf along an edge thereof and loosening the fibers in the thinned edge and scoring the edge of the leaf into serrated form providing cross serrations and applying an elastic adhesive to the assembly along the treated edge.

9. A leaf assembly of individual leaves having portions of the leaves removed on a face along at least a major portion of an edge thereof, with loosened fibers in the thinned portions, and a backing of elastic adhesive on the edge of the leaves having the thinned portions.

10. A leaf assembly of individual leaves having portions of the leaves on a face of each leaf along at least a major portion of an edge thereof removed and the fibers in the thinned portions loosened, said edge being cross-scored into finely divided serrations forming a substantially continuous deviation of its surface from a plane surface, and a backing of elastic adhesive on said edge of the leaves having the thinned portions.

LOGAN F. ZAHNISER. 

